Wheat was a key factor enabling the emergence of city-based societies at the start of civilization because it was one of the first crops that could be easily cultivated on a large scale, and had the additional advantage of yielding a harvest that provides long-term storage of food. Wheat grain is a staple food used to make flour for leavened, Semolina, flat and steamed breads, biscuits, cookies, cakes, breakfast cereal, pasta, noodles. The whole grain is a concentrated source of vitamins, minerals, and protein, while the refined grain is mostly starch.